Brown University computer scientist Ellie Pavlick is translating philosophical concepts such as “understanding” and “meaning” into concrete ideas that are testable on LLMs.

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What does Psychology mean? Where does it come from? Hank gives you a 10-minute intro to one of the more tricky sciences and talks about some of the big names in the development of the field. Welcome to Crash Course Psychology!!!

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http://www.bartleby.com/30/7.html

Flames in space:
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A simple, elegant Pan Seared Salmon recipe in a lemon browned butter sauce. Master this easy (10-minute) method for how to cook salmon in a pan. You won’t believe the easy ingredients!
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🐟 INGREDIENTS FOR PAN-SEARED SALMON:
►1 1/4 lb skinless boneless salmon filets cut into 4 filets (5 oz each about 1" thick)
►1/2 tsp salt
►1/8 tsp black pepper
►4 Tbsp unsalted butter
►1 tsp grated lemon zest
►4 Tbsp freshly squeezed lemon juice from 2 lemons
►1 Tbsp fresh parsley, minced

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►Smoked Salmon Salad Recipe - Russian Shuba with a Twist - https://youtu.be/WPPARIBNRU8
►How To Make Salmon Cakes Recipe - Quick and Easy Salmon Patties -https://youtu.be/gOwBlnSmuxw
►Easy One-Pan Salmon and Asparagus Recipe - https://youtu.be/Kdq3khk_8n0
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Does light take all possible paths at the same time



We’re incredibly grateful to Prof. David Kaiser, Prof. Steven Strogatz, Prof. Geraint F. Lewis, Elba Alonso-Monsalve, Prof. Christopher S. Baird, Prof. Anthony Bloch, and Prof. Stephen Bartlett for their invaluable contributions to this video.

A special thanks to Mahesh Shenoy from FloatHeadPhysics for his help with this video. Check out his excellent intuitive video on the UV Catastrophe here (Sep 2024): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ALEDjjAVZSY

▀▀▀
0:00 What path does light travel?
2:40 Black Body Radiation
6:47 How did Planck solve the ultraviolet catastrophe?
9:42 The Quantum of Action
13:25 De Broglie’s Hypothesis
15:16 The Double Slit Experiment
20:00 How Feynman Did Quantum Mechanics
25:01 Proof That Light Takes Every Path
31:16 The Theory of Everything

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References:
Armin Hermann (Nov 1974). The Genesis of Quantum Theory (1899-1913). - https://ve42.co/genquanttheor
Richard P. Feynman (1985). QED The Strange Theory of Light and Matter. - https://ve42.co/qed
A fantastic book on the history of the Principle of Least Action: Rojo, A. and Bloch, A. The
Principle of Least Action: History and Physics. - https://ve42.co/Bloch2018
Coopersmith, J. (2017). The lazy universe: an introduction to the principle of least action. Oxford University Press. - https://ve42.co/LazyU
PBS Space Time. (Nov 2021) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q_CQDSlmboA
Sabine Hossenfelder. (May 2022) - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A0da8TEeaeE
Max Planck (1901). On the Law of Distribution of Energy in the Normal Spectrum. Annalen der Physik - https://ve42.co/lawdistenergy
Paul Ehrenfest (1911). Welche Züge der Lichtquantenhypothese spielen in der Theorie der Wärmestrahlung eine wesentliche Rolle?. Wiley Online Library - https://ve42.co/quantthermrad
Nils-Erik Bomark and Reidun Renstrøm (Aug 2023). The Ultraviolet myth. Proceedings of Science - https://ve42.co/uvmyth
Planck's law. In Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/planckslaw
PBS Space Time. (Jul 2017). - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vSFRN-ymfgE&t=10s
Einstein and The Photoelectric Effect. (Jan 2005) via APS News - https://ve42.co/einsteinphotoelec
Louis de Broglie (1924). On the Theory of Quanta. - https://ve42.co/theoryquanta
Larry Sorensen (2012). Path Integrals 1. University of Washington - https://ve42.co/pathintegrals
Feynman’s Method of “A Particle Exploring All Possible Paths”. (Mar 2018) via Pure Dhamma - https://ve42.co/allposspaths
A great intuitive video on the Feynman path integral approach - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sp5SvdDh2u8&t=1253s
Origins of Quantum Theory. via University of Pittsburgh - https://ve42.co/origquanttheor

Images & Video:
Nobistor Altona 1880 via NDR - https://ve42.co/streetlight
Edison incandescent lights by William J. Hammer via Wikimedia Commons - https://ve42.co/edinclights
The full expanded form of the Standard Model Lagrangian by Chen Ning Yang et al. via Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/stmodellang
Muon Ray. (2011). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-QUj2ZRUa7c
Muon Ray. (2011). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1C7abO7LtV0
Bohrs Atomic Model via EEEGUIDE.COM - https://ve42.co/bohrmodel

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The nanoscopic world is wild!! Looking at basic objects like a grain of salt under an electron microscope looks like nothing you would have expected. Furthermore, have you ever wondered whether seeing a single atom is possible? Or how do scientists and engineers create only a few nanometers wide transistors? In this video, we will explore the electron microscope and how they are used to see nanoscopic objects. Specifically, we'll look at the Transmission Electron Microscope and the Scanning Electron Microscope and dive into how they work.

Thermo Fisher Scientific helps to propel science and engineering forward with its wide range of analytical instruments, life science solutions, specialty diagnostics, and laboratory equipment. Check them out! https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home.html

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Table of Contents:
00:00 - The Nanoscopic World
01:17 - Scanning Electron Microscope vs Transmission Electron Microscope
02:54 - Basics of Transmission Electron Microscopes
04:15 - Why use Electrons instead of Light?
06:55 - Parts of the Electron Microscope
10:49 - Magnification: Objective and Projector
12:45 - Physics of a Magnetic Lens
15:55 - Thermo Fisher Scientific Sponsorship
17:01 - Scanning Electron Microscope

Erratum:

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Post with Adobe Premiere Pro

Online References:

Cryo-EM Gives Researchers a Detailed View of the Zika Virus Structure

Semiconductor Sample Preparation for TEM and STEM, Semiconductor Analysis, Thermo Fisher

TEM Introduction Seminar - AIF NC University, YouTube Video

Wikipedia contributors. "Electron Microscope". "Transmission Electron Microscope". "Scanning Electron Microscope". "Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope". Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, Visited August 2023

Textbooks:
R.F. Egerton. Physical Principles of Electron Microscopy, An Introduction to TEM, SEM, and AEM. Springer. 2016

Williams D., Carter C. Transmission Electron Microscopy. A Textbook for Materials Science. Springer. 2009

#electronmicroscope #tem #sem

Flexible Buildings: The Future of Architecture | Engineering Documentary

World's Tallest Tower: Burj Khalifa - Dubai's Vertical City: https://youtu.be/NJI8mOv4VW4

Never before have there been so many people on Earth. The new world creates new challenges for us living together, one of the biggest being the infrastructure in the world we live in.

How can we ensure that the cities anonomyzing and isolating its inhabitants become places of encounter again? How can we use technology to create new spaces in areas where there is no space left? How can sustainable construction revolutionize the construction industry? - In the search for answers, the documentary presents current concepts and implementations from the core disciplines of architecture, development of building materials, and urban design.
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Special thanks to Prof. Asaf Karagila for consultation on set theory and specific rewrites, to Prof. Alex Kontorovich for reviews of earlier drafts, Prof. Toby ‘Qubit’ Cubitt for the help with the spectral gap, to Henry Reich for the helpful feedback and comments on the video.

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References:

Dunham, W. (2013, July). A Note on the Origin of the Twin Prime Conjecture. In Notices of the International Congress of Chinese Mathematicians (Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 63-65). International Press of Boston. — https://ve42.co/Dunham2013

Conway, J. (1970). The game of life. Scientific American, 223(4), 4. — https://ve42.co/Conway1970

Churchill, A., Biderman, S., Herrick, A. (2019). Magic: The Gathering is Turing Complete. ArXiv. — https://ve42.co/Churchill2019

Gaifman, H. (2006). Naming and Diagonalization, from Cantor to Godel to Kleene. Logic Journal of the IGPL, 14(5), 709-728. — https://ve42.co/Gaifman2006

Lénárt, I. (2010). Gauss, Bolyai, Lobachevsky–in General Education?(Hyperbolic Geometry as Part of the Mathematics Curriculum). In Proceedings of Bridges 2010: Mathematics, Music, Art, Architecture, Culture (pp. 223-230). Tessellations Publishing. — https://ve42.co/Lnrt2010

Attribution of Poincare’s quote, The Mathematical Intelligencer, vol. 13, no. 1, Winter 1991. — https://ve42.co/Poincare

Irvine, A. D., & Deutsch, H. (1995). Russell’s paradox. — https://ve42.co/Irvine1995

Gödel, K. (1992). On formally undecidable propositions of Principia Mathematica and related systems. Courier Corporation. — https://ve42.co/Godel1931

Russell, B., & Whitehead, A. (1973). Principia Mathematica [PM], vol I, 1910, vol. II, 1912, vol III, 1913, vol. I, 1925, vol II & III, 1927, Paperback Edition to* 56. Cambridge UP. — https://ve42.co/Russel1910

Gödel, K. (1986). Kurt Gödel: Collected Works: Volume I: Publications 1929-1936 (Vol. 1). Oxford University Press, USA. — https://ve42.co/Godel1986

Cubitt, T. S., Perez-Garcia, D., & Wolf, M. M. (2015). Undecidability of the spectral gap. Nature, 528(7581), 207-211. — https://ve42.co/Cubitt2015

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Branding isn’t buzz — we’ve been doing it for thousands of years.

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Up Next ► How Apple and Nike have branded your brain https://youtu.be/4eIDBV4Mpek

Design and branding are inherently a part of human nature. They serve as a way of signaling to others, non-verbally, who we are, what we believe in, and what is important to us.

There was a time when consumers were exclusively interested in a company's products — upgrades, different flavors, different colors.

But today, consumers want to know if the companies that they are buying from are worthy of their money. Do the companies practice good ethics? Do they have certain values? That's something that we have really never seen before.

To learn even more from the world's biggest thinkers, get Big Think+ for your business: https://bigthink.com/plus/

Read the video transcript ► https://bigthink.com/videos/the-power-of-branding/

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About Debbie Millman:
Named “one of the most creative people in business” by Fast Company, and “one of the most influential designers working today” by Graphic Design USA, Debbie Millman is also an author, educator, curator and host of the podcast Design Matters. Debbie’s podcast, Design Matters is one of the first and longest running podcasts, and as host and founder, Millman has interviewed nearly 500 of the most creative people in the world over the past 17 years. Design Matters won a 2011 Cooper Hewitt National Design Award, in 2015 Apple designated it one of the best overall podcasts on iTunes, and in 2021 designated it one of their “All Time Favorite Podcasts.” In addition, the show has been nominated for six Webby Awards, and has been listed on over 100 “Best Podcasts” lists, including one of the best podcasts in the world by Business Insider and Vanity Fair.

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Read more of our stories on branding:
The neuroscience of branding
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Reinvention 101: How to build your personal brand
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How brand evangelists can provide the ultimate word-of-mouth advertising
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If you watch this video you'll get 30 years of business knowledge in 2hrs 26mins.

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2:57 How To Start A Business With No Money
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28:15 How To Find Purpose
34:34 How To Find A Co-founder
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There's a massive cost that every developed economy has to deal with that nobody talks about... Infrastructure maintenance. It sounds boring but all of those developments that governments love to talk up can end up costing a fortune to maintain. So what can we do about this and why is this such a problem?

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In this video, I flew out to Toronto to get the full story of Hush Blankets. Aaron and Leor started this business while working their 9-5's, and they made one of the craziest rebounds I've ever seen from an ecommerce business - the best part, Aaron shared exactly how they did it.

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Matt Abrahams is a lecturer of strategic communication at Stanford GSB and the host of the award-winning podcast "Think Fast, Talk Smart," a show with research-backed techniques becoming a more confident communicator.

Communication is critical to success in business and in life. Concerned about an upcoming interview? Anxious about speaking up during a meeting? In this talk, and through the podcast, you will learn techniques that will help you speak with greater confidence and clarity.

This video was recorded on October 25, 2014, in collaboration with the Stanford Alumni Association as part of Stanford Reunion Homecoming and the Graduate School of Business Fall Reunion/Alumni Weekend.

From birth to death, tech is stretching the boundaries of biology. In this episode of Posthuman, we explore the discoveries that could transform reproduction, healthcare and how we die.

Technology that once seemed like science fiction is rapidly becoming reality, transforming the very essence of our existence. In this four-part series, Emily Chang unravels the future of being human in an age of unprecedented innovation.

This video has been updated to correct the title of Insoo Hyun, director of the Center for Life Sciences, Museum of Science.

Watch more Posthuman with Emily Chang: https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLqq4LnWs3ol

#tech #science #Posthuman
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How does ballet convey narrative, emotion, and character? Dive into “The Sleeping Beauty” to see how a ballet creates its essential elements.

--

A baby cursed at birth. A fierce battle of good and evil. A true love awoken with a kiss. Since premiering in 1890, “The Sleeping Beauty” has become one of the most frequently staged ballets in history. So what makes this piece so beloved? And what exactly does ballet bring to this— or any other— story? Ming Luke shares what makes ballet the perfect medium for stories old and new.

Lesson by Ming Luke, directed by Visorama.

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MIT Introduction to Deep Learning 6.S191: Lecture 1
Foundations of Deep Learning
Lecturer: Alexander Amini
2023 Edition

For all lectures, slides, and lab materials: http://introtodeeplearning.com/

Lecture Outline
0:00​ - Introduction
8:14 ​ - Course information
11:33​ - Why deep learning?
14:48​ - The perceptron
20:06​ - Perceptron example
23:14​ - From perceptrons to neural networks
29:34​ - Applying neural networks
32:29​ - Loss functions
35:12​ - Training and gradient descent
40:25​ - Backpropagation
44:05​ - Setting the learning rate
48:09​ - Batched gradient descent
51:25​ - Regularization: dropout and early stopping
57:16​ - Summary

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One man cracked his knuckles in one hand for 60 years and not the other. Watch the video to see what he found out.

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There's a long-held myth that cracking your knuckles can damage your hands. The sound definitely might make people around you cringe, but what's making those noises, and is it actually bad for you?

There's a space in your joints filled with synovial fluid, a liquid that reduces the friction in your joints when you move. It contains gases (oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide).

When you pop a joint, you stretch out that space between the bones. That expanding space creates negative pressure, like a vacuum, that sucks in the synovial fluid. It forms bubbles, which then collapse, and that's what you hear.

Most medical sources agree that unless you experience pain when you pop your joints, you're probably fine to keep doing it. Researchers (including one man who cracked his knuckles on just one hand for 60 years) haven't established a connection between cracking your knuckles and arthritis.

One 1990 study of 300 people did find that cracking knuckles over a long period of time led to hand swelling and decreased grip strength, but there hasn't been any follow-up research on that.

Read it here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p....mc/articles/PMC10040

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On April 8, 2024, the Moon’s shadow fell upon the Earth, creating a total solar eclipse across North America. If you had the chance to see it, you're surely glad you didn't miss it. It’s an amazing coincidence that total eclipses happen at all — and that we’re alive at a time when we can see and predict them. We made this video so you can learn how to watch an eclipse safely, what to look for during an eclipse, why eclipses happen, and how eclipses have helped advance scientific research.

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Anthropic's new AI model, Claude 3.5 Sonnet, boasts impressive benchmark scores, surpassing even GPT-4 in some areas. This advanced AI excels at complex coding, humor comprehension, and chart interpretation, making it a powerful tool for various applications. With its competitive pricing and user-friendly features, Claude 3.5 Sonnet is emerging as a strong contender in the rapidly evolving AI landscape.

#ai #claude