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Since the time of the ancient Greeks, scientists have been constructing a cosmic measuring tape to measure the universe from our own backyard all the way to its ever-expanding edge: the cosmic distance ladder. In this video, we climb that ladder and explore how each rung has revealed something new and previously unthinkable about the universe we live in.

References: https://sites.google.com/view/....cosmic-distance-refe

0:00 How far away are things?
1:05 Near, far, parallax that star
3:25 Island universes and Hubble's blinking star
5:51 Redshifted rainbows and the expanding universe
7:41 Supernovae and the end of everything
9:08 Conclusion: The ladder of discovery
10:00 I'm hosting a game show!



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Why does fire burn? What's the chemistry and physics of a flame? This week, learn about the beautiful science happening inside a flame!

Michael Faraday's Christmas lectures on candle chemistry:
http://blogs.scientificamerica....n.com/cocktail-party
http://www.bartleby.com/30/7.html

Flames in space:
http://science.nasa.gov/scienc....e-news/science-at-na

Richard Feynman talking about fire:
http://www.itsokaytobesmart.co....m/post/27299255757/f

Have an idea for an episode or an amazing science question you want answered? Leave a comment or check us out at the links below!
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It's Okay To Be Smart is written and hosted by Joe Hanson, Ph.DFollow me on Twitter: @jtotheizzoe
Email me: itsokaytobesmart AT gmail DOT com
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For more awesome science, check out: http://www.itsokaytobesmart.com
Produced by PBS Digital Studios: http://www.youtube.com/user/pbsdigitalstudios

Joe Hanson - Creator/Host/Writer
Joe Nicolosi - Director
Amanda Fox - Producer, Spotzen IncKate Eads - Producer
Andrew Matthews - Editing/Motion Graphics/Animation
Katie Graham - Camera
John Knudsen - Gaffer


Theme music: "Ouroboros" by Kevin MacLeod

Other music via APM
Stock images from Shutterstock, stock footage from Videoblocks


-----------------

More videos:
Why Does February Have 28 Days? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AgKaHTh-_Gs
Why Vaccines Work https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3aNhzLUL2ys
Why Are Some People Left-Handed? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPvMUpcxPSA
Where Does the Smell of Rain Come From? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lGcE5x8s0B8

Gastroenterologists Dr. Sophie Balzora and Dr. Ugo Iroku debunk 13 myths about caffeine. They explain what decaf really means, how much caffeine is too much, and if caffeine affects your heart. They also talk about whether caffeine is good for you — plus ways it can actually be beneficial to your health.

Balzora is an assistant professor of medicine and a practicing gastroenterologist at NYU Grossman School of Medicine. She specializes in digestive conditions, colon cancer screening and prevention, and minority and women's health. You can learn more about her work here: https://nyulangone.org/doctors..../1487813994/sophie-m

Iroku is a gastroenterologist at Mount Sinai Hospital and New York Gastroenterology Associates. He has long-standing passion for combating health misinformation and for raising public health literacy. You can learn more about his work here: https://realdoctorugo.com/

0:00 Intro
0:25 Caffeine is bad for you
1:42 Caffeine will make up for lost sleep
2:43 Decaf coffee doesn't have caffeine
3:40 Drinking coffee will stunt your growth
4:46 Caffeine in soda is much less than caffeine in coffee
5:40 Caffeine detoxes your body
6:51 Caffeine dehydrates you
7:48 Caffeine is addictive
8:38 Having more than one cup of coffee a day is bad for you
9:38 You won't be able to sleep if you have caffeine at night
10:52 Caffeine can mess with your heart rhythm
11:52 Tea is healthier than coffee
13:18 The way you prepare your coffee doesn't matter

MORE DEBUNKED VIDEOS:
Cardiologists Debunk 12 Heart Myths | Debunked
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=woh01kAbrTY
Dietitians Debunk 10 Sugar Myths | Debunked
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AM_Dhssz6AM
Dietitian Nutritionists Debunk 19 Diet Myths | Debunked
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YBvKATG6OQ

------------------------------------------------------

#caffeine #debunked #scienceinsider

Science Insider tells you all you need to know about science: space, medicine, biotech, physiology, and more.

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Doctors Debunk 13 Caffeine Myths | Debunked

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It would be a lot easier to study the science of dreaming if we weren’t asleep every time we did it. Why do we dream? What does dreaming do for our brains? How did dreaming evolve? Here’s a look at the current theories from psychology and neuroscience.

References:
Barrett, D. (2017), Dreams and creative problem-solving. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1406: 64-67. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13412
Carlo Cipolli, Roberto Bolzani, Cesare Comoldi, Rossana De Beni, Iino Fagioli, Bizarreness Effect in Dream Recall, Sleep, Volume 16, Issue 2, March 1993, Pages 163–170, https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/16.2.163
Eagleman DM, Vaughn DA (2021). The Defensive Activation Theory: REM Sleep as a Mechanism to Prevent Takeover of the Visual Cortex. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 15:632853. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.632853
El-Solh, A. A. (2018). Management of nightmares in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder: Current perspectives. Nature and Science of Sleep, 10, 409–420.https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30538593/
Hughes, J. Donald. (2000). Dream Interpretation in Ancient Civilizations. Dreaming. 10. 7-18. 10.1023/A:1009447606158.
Káli, S., Dayan, P. Off-line replay maintains declarative memories in a model of hippocampal-neocortical interactions. Nature Neuroscience 7, 286–294 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1202
Montangero, Jacques & Ivanyi, Corinne & Saint-Hilaire, Zara. (2003). Completeness and accuracy of morning reports after a recall cue: Comparison of dream and film reports. Consciousness and cognition. 12. 49-62. 10.1016/S1053-8100(02)00029-6.
Stickgold, R., Malia, A.; Maguire, D., Roddenberry, D., O'Connor, M. (2000). Replaying the Game: Hypnagogic Images in Normals and Amnesics. Science. 290 (5490): 350–353. doi:10.1126/science.290.5490.350.
Valli, K., Revonsuo, A., Pälkäs, O., Ismail, K. H., Ali, K. J., & Punamäki, R.-L. (2005). The threat simulation theory of the evolutionary function of dreaming: Evidence from dreams of traumatized children. Consciousness and Cognition, 14(1), 188–218. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15766897/
van der Linden, S. The Science Behind Dreaming. Scientific American. July 26, 2011
Erin J. Wamsley, PhD, Karen Perry, MD, Ina Djonlagic, MD, Laura Babkes Reaven, MD, Robert Stickgold, PhD, Cognitive Replay of Visuomotor Learning at Sleep Onset: Temporal Dynamics and Relationship to Task Performance, Sleep, Volume 33, Issue 1, January 2010, Pages 59–68, https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/33.1.59
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In this animated video, Dr Hadzic share the three most common reasons why IV access fail. In Based on 3 decades of teaching and medical education, he has witnessed these three fundamental mistakes that are basis of most failures to secure an IV access. 1) The catheter is too short 2) The needle and catheter not inserted deep enough into the vein 3) The angle of needle insertion is too steep.

🖥 Start your 7-day free trial on the NYSORA LMS today and see why it is the go-to resource to master Regional Anesthesia at https://bit.ly/3rmvkwH

📱 Download the NYSORA Nerve Blocks app !

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#nysora #regionalanesthesia #anesthesia disclaimer:
Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden, changes in treatment and drug therapy are required. The authors and publishers have checked with sources believed to be reliable in efforts to provide accurate information within the available or accepted standards of care. However, given the possibility of human error or changes in medical practice, neither the authors nor the publisher, nor any other party involved in the preparation of this platform warrants that the information contained herein is in every aspect accurate or complete, and they disclaim all responsibility for any errors or omissions for the results obtained from the use of the information contained in this work. Readers are advised to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For example, readers are advised to check the product information of each drug mentioned, and that any information contained on NYSORA's Youtube channel is accurate.

Are More Expensive Clothes Actually Better Quality?
Instagram → @timdessaint

“You get what you pay for” - I’m sure you’ve heard this saying many times before; and that can certainly be true in many areas. A higher price often comes with better quality/service/experience, but not always; so in today’s video we’re going to find out if that applies to fashion.

Timestamps:
0:00 - Intro
0:46 - Categories of Fashion Brands
2:21 - How To Recognize Poor vs Good Quality In Clothes
7:15 - Does Quality Increase With Price?
9:14 - Price/Quality Relationship In Jewelry
10:18 - The Placebo Effect

—

Music downloaded from Epidemic Sound: http://share.epidemicsound.com/tgVQ8

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Shot with:
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FTC: This video is not sponsored. Some of the links above are affiliate links, meaning that I will earn a small percentage of sales when you click through and make a purchase, at no additional cost to you.

Subscribe to my newsletter: https://www.distilled.earth/

There's been a lot of news about gas stoves. At first, I was skeptical about the panic over these appliances. But then I measured the indoor air pollution from our stove and talked to public health experiments.

You can view all sources, learn more about my experiment, and listen to behind-the-scenes interviews on the Distilled website: https://www.distilled.earth/p/i-measured-the-pollution-from-my

#gasstove #gasstoves #climatechange #methane

MIT How to Speak, IAP 2018
Instructor: Patrick Winston
View the complete course: https://ocw.mit.edu/how_to_speak

Patrick Winston's How to Speak talk has been an MIT tradition for over 40 years. Offered every January, the talk is intended to improve your speaking ability in critical situations by teaching you a few heuristic rules.

0:16 Introduction
3:11 Rules of Engagement
4:15 How to Start
5:38 Four Sample Heuristics
10:17 The Tools: Time and Place
13:24 The Tools: Boards, Props, and Slides
36:30 Informing: Promise, Inspiration, How To Think
41:30 Persuading: Oral Exams, Job Talks, Getting Famous
53:06 How to Stop: Final Slide, Final Words
56:35 Final Words: Joke, Thank You, Examples

This video has been dubbed using an artificial voice via https://aloud.area120.google.com to increase accessibility.

License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
More information at https://ocw.mit.edu/terms
More courses at https://ocw.mit.edu

MIT Introduction to Deep Learning 6.S191: Lecture 1
Foundations of Deep Learning
Lecturer: Alexander Amini
2023 Edition

For all lectures, slides, and lab materials: http://introtodeeplearning.com/

Lecture Outline
0:00​ - Introduction
8:14 ​ - Course information
11:33​ - Why deep learning?
14:48​ - The perceptron
20:06​ - Perceptron example
23:14​ - From perceptrons to neural networks
29:34​ - Applying neural networks
32:29​ - Loss functions
35:12​ - Training and gradient descent
40:25​ - Backpropagation
44:05​ - Setting the learning rate
48:09​ - Batched gradient descent
51:25​ - Regularization: dropout and early stopping
57:16​ - Summary

Subscribe to stay up to date with new deep learning lectures at MIT, or follow us on @MITDeepLearning on Twitter and Instagram to stay fully-connected!!

The documentary film "History of Mathematics" takes viewers on a fascinating journey through time to explore the evolution of mathematics in various civilizations. From ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia to Greece, China, India, and the Middle East, the film highlights the contributions of prominent mathematicians and their impact on the field.

The film delves into the use of decimal systems, the invention of the number zero and the concept of infinity, the creation of algebra, and the spread of Eastern knowledge to the West. With a combination of historical footage, expert interviews, and breathtaking visuals, this documentary brings to life the rich history of mathematics and its role in shaping the world we live in today..

1:20 - Mathematics in Egypt
19:30 - Mathematics in Mesopotamia
35:21 - Mathematics in Greece
54:21 - Mathematics in China
1:10:08 - Mathematics in India
1:35:36 - Mathematics in Europe

#mathematics #math #history #documentary

Let's explore the most amazing man-made and natural wonders of our Planet Earth. In this thrilling documentary we will take you on an adventure around the planet, uncovering the most beautiful places that exist on our green planet.

Let's delve into the exploration of awe-inspiring landscapes, including majestic mountains, tumbling waterfalls, expansive glaciers, secret caves, erupting volcanoes, geological craters and canyons, the diverse marine life of underwater worlds, and lush jungles.

We will visit over 150 different locations in this FREE 4k documentary including: Old Man of Storr, Cappadocia, Grand Canyon, Valle de la Luna, Mount Fanjing Temple, Valley of the Baobabs, Lencois Maranhenses, Faroe Islands, Banff National Park, Amazon Rainforest, Matterhorn, Petra, Richat Structure, Monument Valley, Lake Natron, Greenland, Petrified Forest, Waitomo Caves, Death Valley, Moorea, Cliffs of Moher, Nusa Penida, Yosemite, Sahara Desert, Ice Hotel, Angel Falls, Antarctice, Deadvlei, and many many more!

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Travel Documentaries Playlist ➤ https://www.youtube.com/playli....st?list=PLFUuuSCBpjS
Untold Natural Wonders Around The World ➤ https://youtu.be/Ihiy9A__QM8
Bucketlist Destinations ➤ https://youtu.be/Cyg3qY1d8AQ

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The information on this YouTube Channel and the resources available are for entertainment and/or educational and/or informational purposes only. Travpedia does not assume responsibility for the services or standards of any sponsors or companies in the video links. Please do your own research before relying on any information or making any purchases.

Sal Khan, the founder and CEO of Khan Academy, thinks artificial intelligence could spark the greatest positive transformation education has ever seen. He shares the opportunities he sees for students and educators to collaborate with AI tools -- including the potential of a personal AI tutor for every student and an AI teaching assistant for every teacher -- and demos some exciting new features for their educational chatbot, Khanmigo.

If you love watching TED Talks like this one, become a TED Member to support our mission of spreading ideas: https://ted.com/membership

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The TED Talks channel features talks, performances and original series from the world's leading thinkers and doers. Subscribe to our channel for videos on Technology, Entertainment and Design — plus science, business, global issues, the arts and more. Visit https://TED.com to get our entire library of TED Talks, transcripts, translations, personalized talk recommendations and more.

Watch more: https://go.ted.com/salkhan

https://youtu.be/hJP5GqnTrNo

TED's videos may be used for non-commercial purposes under a Creative Commons License, Attribution–Non Commercial–No Derivatives (or the CC BY – NC – ND 4.0 International) and in accordance with our TED Talks Usage Policy: https://www.ted.com/about/our-....organization/our-pol For more information on using TED for commercial purposes (e.g. employee learning, in a film or online course), please submit a Media Request at https://media-requests.ted.com

#ted #tedtalks #education #ai #khanacademy

There is one question that, perhaps more than any other, gets to the root of who we are and what motivates us: “What did I need to do in childhood to win the support and approval of my parents?” We might - to sharpen the picture - need to lean on a few subsidiary enquiries…

Enjoying our Youtube videos? Get full access to all our audio content, videos, and thousands of thought-provoking articles, conversation cards and more with The School of Life Subscription: https://t.ly/_D9cB


Learn, heal and grow. Get the best of The School of Life delivered straight to your inbox: https://t.ly/cUQdU

FURTHER READING

You can read more on this and other subjects in our articles, here: https://t.ly/JYcLU

“There is one question that, perhaps more than any other, gets to the root of who we are and what motivates us:

What did I need to do in childhood to win the support and approval of my parents?

We might - to sharpen the picture - need to lean on a few subsidiary enquiries:

To please my father, I needed to…
To please my mother, I needed to…

Not to upset my mother, I needed to…
Not to upset my father, I needed to…

Whatever might be claimed, no family ever gives its offspring unconditional love; there is always, more or less subtly, something that one has to do and to be - and other things that must at all costs be skirted…”


MORE SCHOOL OF LIFE

Watch more films on SELF in our playlist:
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CREDITS

Produced in collaboration with:

Deanca Rensyta
https://www.deancarensyta.com


Title animation produced in collaboration with


Graeme Probert
www.gpmotion.co.uk

Use the code NATHANIEL20 with this link to get a discount when signing up to Lingoda: https://try.lingoda.com/NathanielDrew_Sprint

Check out Frame x Frame (my post-production masterclass to learn how I edit/animate) → https://www.fxfcourse.com/

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Why I haven't washed my hair in 5 years
We publish an extra video every month over at https://www.patreon.com/johnnyharris

This video is sponsored by BetterHelp. Get 10% off your first month of BetterHelp: https://BetterHelp.com/JohnnyHarris
Affordable, private online counseling.

- ways to support -
My Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/johnnyharris
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- about -
Johnny Harris is a filmmaker and journalist. He currently is based in Washington, DC, reporting on interesting trends and stories domestically and around the globe. Johnny's visual style blends motion graphics with cinematic videography to create content that explains complex issues in relatable ways. He holds a BA in international relations from Brigham Young University and an MA in international peace and conflict resolution from American University.

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NYTimes: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/1....1/09/opinion/democra
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View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-....benefits-of-a-good-n

It’s 4am, and the big test is in 8 hours. You’ve been studying for days, but you still don’t feel ready. Should you drink another cup of coffee and spend the next few hours cramming? Or should you go to sleep? Shai Marcu defends the latter option, showing how sleep restructures your brain in a way that’s crucial for how our memory works.

Lesson by Shai Marcu, animation by Javier Saldeña.

The Real Reason We Drink Cow’s Milk
Click my CoPilot link https://go.mycopilot.com/johnnyharris to get a FREE TRIAL with your own expert fitness and health coach.

Ever wonder why your mom made you drink so much milk as a kid? Turns out the answer is a lie.

Btw we recently experimented with a new map only format to tell the story of the US government meddling in other countries. Check it out and let me know if you like it and we’ll do more! https://youtu.be/_wIOqHSsV9c

Next week’s video is already live. It’s about why unemployment is a much bigger deal than we realize. Go watch now on Nebula (a portion of your subscription goes directly to support our channel): https://nebula.tv/videos/johnn....yharris-unemployment

Check out all my sources for this video here: https://docs.google.com/docume....nt/d/1UbxQ_gXyq4jQRm

Get access to behind-the-scenes vlogs, my scripts, and extended interviews over at https://www.patreon.com/johnnyharris

Custom Presets & LUTs [what we use]: https://store.dftba.com/produc....ts/johnny-iz-luts-an

Thank you to Michael Moss for lending his expertise. You can read his book “Hooked” here - https://www.mossbooks.us/#HOOOKEDOutSoon

A big thank you to Melanie Dupuis for speaking to us for this video. She has a fantastic book that we cited throughout this piece. Read “Nature’s Perfect Food: How Milk Became America’s Drink” here - https://books.google.ch/books?id=V_CuITfG-FgC&pg=PA47&dq=how+we+started+drinking+milk&lr=&hl=de&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2#v=onepage&q&f=false

Thank you to Ariana Gerstein and her film “Milk in the Land.” Check out her website to see more of her work - https://www.arianagerstein.com/

About:
Johnny Harris is an Emmy-winning independent journalist and contributor to the New York Times. Based in Washington, DC, Harris reports on interesting trends and stories domestically and around the globe, publishing to his audience of over 3.5 million on Youtube. Harris produced and hosted the twice Emmy-nominated series Borders for Vox Media. His visual style blends motion graphics with cinematic videography to create content that explains complex issues in relatable ways.

- press -
NYTimes: https://www.nytimes.com/2021/1....1/09/opinion/democra
NYTimes: https://www.nytimes.com/video/....opinion/100000007358
Vox Borders: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hLrFyjGZ9NU
NPR Planet Money: https://www.npr.org/transcripts/1072164745


- where to find me -
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/johnny.harris/
Tiktok: https://www.tiktok.com/@johnny.harris
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/JohnnyHarrisVox
Iz's (my wife’s) channel: https://www.youtube.com/iz-harris

- how i make my videos -
Tom Fox makes my music, work with him here: https://tfbeats.com/
I make maps using this AE Plugin: https://aescripts.com/geolayers/?aff=77
All the gear I use: https://www.izharris.com/gear-guide

- my courses -
Learn a language: https://brighttrip.com/course/language/
Visual storytelling: https://www.brighttrip.com/cou....rses/visual-storytel

View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-....to-practice-effectiv

Mastering any physical skill takes practice. Practice is the repetition of an action with the goal of improvement, and it helps us perform with more ease, speed, and confidence. But what does practice actually do to make us better at things? Annie Bosler and Don Greene explain how practice affects the inner workings of our brains.

Lesson by Annie Bosler and Don Greene, animation by Martina Meštrović.

How does ballet convey narrative, emotion, and character? Dive into “The Sleeping Beauty” to see how a ballet creates its essential elements.

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A baby cursed at birth. A fierce battle of good and evil. A true love awoken with a kiss. Since premiering in 1890, “The Sleeping Beauty” has become one of the most frequently staged ballets in history. So what makes this piece so beloved? And what exactly does ballet bring to this— or any other— story? Ming Luke shares what makes ballet the perfect medium for stories old and new.

Lesson by Ming Luke, directed by Visorama.

Animator's website: http://www.visorama.tv/
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View full lesson: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/wha....t-s-the-point-e-of-b

Thank you so much to our patrons for your support! Without you this video would not be possible! Mehmet Yusuf Ertekin, Arlene Weston, phkphk123321, Jennifer Kurkoski, Ryan B Harvey, Austin Randall, Abhishek Bansal, Jayant Sahewal, Dian Atamyanov, igor romanenko, Jose Arcadio Valdes Franco, Brandy Sarver, Guy Hardy, Tu-Anh Nguyen, Karl Laius, Madee Lo, JY Kang, Marc Bou Zeid, Abhishek Goel, Charles A Hershberger, Coenraad Keuning, Robert Seik, Heidi Stolt, Alexis Hevia, Todd Gross, Brady Jones, Christina Salvatore, Zhong Ming Zenny Tan, Karisa Caudill, Bruno Pinho, Derek Drescher, Mihail Radu Pantilimon, Amin Shahril, Mohamed Elsayed, Barthélémy Michalon, Chumi Ogbonna, Karlee Finch, Mohammad Said, jj5252, Kelvin Lam, Mauricio Basso, Athena Grace Franco, Tirath Singh Pandher, Melvin Williams, Tsz Hin Edmund Chan, Nicolas Silva, Raymond Lee, Kurt Almendras, Denise A Pitts and Abdallah Absi.

Why one of the greatest inventors of all time died penniless.

*Correction: @ 7:03 It's debated who "discovered" America. The 400th anniversary of the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 marked Christopher Columbus' voyage to the Americas.

Newsthink is produced and presented by Cindy Pom
https://twitter.com/cindypom

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Sources:
0:31 Daniel Schwen / CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons
1:27 Ealdgyth / CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons
3:01 Jacquesverlaeken / CC BY-SA BY 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons
7:35 Tesla statue: Milan Suvajac / CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons
9:00 Stanislav Kozlovskiy / CC BY-SA 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons
9:35 Original image: OneTeslaDerived image: Chetvorno / CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons
9:42 Wellcome Collection CC BY 4.0 https://wellcomecollection.org/works/sq2828s9
10:17 Cardiff Council Flat Holm Project / CC BY 3.0 via Wikimedia Commons
10:54 Wellcome Collection CC BY 4.0 https://wellcomecollection.org/works/sq2828s9